What Is a Credit Card? 20 Basics Everyone Should Know

Credit cards are one of the most commonly used financial products in Australia (there are around 17 million of them in circulation). They are also one of the most commonly misused and misunderstood products.

Here we answer 20 questions to help you understand exactly what credit cards are, how they work when you’re applying, using them, paying them off, and everything in between.

What is a credit card?

A credit card is a payment card that lets you make purchases and complete other transactions using money you borrow from the card issuer. This is usually a bank, but not always.

You essentially have access to a line of credit up to a limit for spending using your credit card. You can spend that money at stores and other physical points of sale (restaurants, coffee shops etc.), as well as online. You can also use your credit card to pay bills through direct debit or using BPAY.

You need to pay back any money you spend using your credit card and you may be charged interest if you don’t repay the full amount due every time you get a credit card bill.

To understand how a credit card works, it helps to think about the steps involved when applying for a credit card, then using it and paying it off:

1

You apply for your credit card of choice with a bank or other provider.

2

Your application is assessed based on your financial situation and credit history.

3

If approved, you’ll be issued with a card with a maximum credit limit.

4

You get a physical card, which you can also add to your phone to ‘tap and pay’.

5

Some cards allow you to earn ‘rewards’ points based on your spending.

6

Every month you get a credit card statement showing your transactions and what's owed.

7

To avoid interest being charged, you need to repay the full amount when it's due.

8

With the balance paid, your full credit limit is restored and the statement cycle starts again.

What's the difference between a credit card and a debit card?

With a debit card, you're spending your own money from your bank account. With a credit card, you're spending the bank's money then paying it back. Another difference is cost. Debit cards are free to use in most instances, but your bank will charge you to use a credit card, if you let them.

Why would you get a credit card?

Here are some of the reasons people get a credit card. It can also be a mixture of reasons.

To make purchases and pay them off later.

To have access to money in an emergency.

To earn rewards or frequent flyer points that can be used to buy things (e.g. flights or other benefits through Qantas credit cards).

To access other perks that credit cards offer, like insurance that covers the items you buy, travel insurance and extras like passes that give you access to airport lounges.

Low fee credit card

Comes with a low or no annual credit card fee.

Low rate credit cards

Charges a relatively low rate of credit card interest.

Rewards credit cards

Offers the ability to earn rewards points and offers other benefits. High fees and rates usually apply to rewards credit cards. There are also cashback credit cards that earn you money which is credited to your card account instead of points.

Frequent flyer credit cards

Frequent flyer credit cards offers points and benefits connected to an airline loyalty scheme. They also often come with travel related perks like airport lounge passes for the cardholder.

Balance transfer credit cards

Balance transfer credit cards allow you to switch the balance of a credit card you already have to the new card.

Business credit cards

Business credit cards are available to companies for covering businesses expenses. There are also corporate credit cards designed for companies with a large turnover who require lots of cards for employees.

Charge cards

Charge cards are very similar to credit cards, but there is no set credit limit and the cardholder must pay off the full balance each month. There are no interest charges on charge cards.

Virtual credit cards

Virtual credit cards are digital versions of physical credit cards offered by some lenders. These cards provide convenience by being accessible on smartphones through apps and digital wallets. Virtual credit cards also offer enhanced security features, generating unique card numbers for each purchase, reducing the risk of fraud and unauthorised use.

How much does a credit card cost?

The cost of your credit card will depend on the type of card you choose, which credit card provider you get it from, and how you use it. Here are the main costs:

Interest

Annual credit card fee (some cards have a monthly fee instead of an annual one)

Cash advance fees

Late payment fees

International credit card transaction fees (if you make purchases overseas but some cards waive the FX fees)

"Paying an annual fee is not necessarily a bad thing if it means you’re getting a lower interest rate. You might be planning to never have a balance being charged interest on your card, but if you ever do have a balance the interest rate will matter, a lot."

How does interest work on a credit card?

Credit card users can be charged interest by their provider depending on how they use their card.

Credit card interest rates are variable, meaning the provider can change your interest rate at any time, although they tend to not change very often. The rate is expressed as an annual percentage rate – e.g. 21.99% p.a. (per annum).

Different interest rates that can apply

Purchase rate

This applies to money you use to pay for products and services, either in-store or online. Interest is only charged on purchases if you have not paid off your credit card in full by the due date shown on your statement.

Cash advance rate

You pay the cash advance rate on any money you withdraw at an ATM or if you transfer money from your credit card to another bank account. The cash advance rate is usually higher than the purchase rate.

Balance transfer rate

This is the rate applied to any amount you switch to your credit card from a different card. This is usually a lower rate but it reverts to a higher rate after an introductory period.

What are the pros and cons of a credit card?

Pros

Offers ongoing access to credit if you need it

Can be useful for accessing money in an emergency

Most come with extra benefits and perks

Cons

There is usually an annual fee to pay

The interest rates are usually quite high (e.g. compared to a personal loan)

They can encourage people to overspend and build up debt

More questions about how credit cards work

What are interest free days on a credit card?

The interest free period on a credit card is the maximum number of days following a purchase during which you won’t be charged interest. Most credit cards offer an interest-free period and it’s usually 44 or 55 days. Some credit cards offer up to 110 interest free days.

The interest-free period resets at the start of each statement period and counts down from there. For example, if your credit card offers 55 interest free days and you make a purchase 5 days into the statement period, you would have 50 remaining interest free days on that purchase.

If you don’t repay your balance on your statement in full by the due date (i.e. the end of the interest free period) the card provider will begin to charge you interest on the remaining balance until it’s paid off. You will also lose your interest-free days, meaning you will be charged interest on any new purchases immediately.

There are no interest-free days for cash advances or on balances transferred from another card.

Can you use a credit card at an ATM?

Yes you can withdraw cash from an ATM with most credit cards. But this can be an extremely expensive way to access cash because of how these transactions – known as a cash advance – are treated by credit card companies. More on this below.

What is a credit card cash advance?

A credit card cash advance is any transaction that involves accessing cash or transactions that are considered to be the equivalent of accessing cash.

The main examples are:

Withdrawing cash at an ATM

Transferring money from your credit card account to another account

Buying foreign currency

Money spent on gambling is also usually classified as a cash advance

A cash advances is generally the most expensive way you can use your credit card because of the interest and fees that apply:

There is usually a ‘cash advance’ fee which is either a set amount per withdrawal or a percentage of the amount withdrawn. There will often be an additional cost if you withdraw cash using an overseas ATM. You will be charged interest immediately on the amount you withdraw, as there are no interest-free days on cash advances.

The interest rate on cash advances is usually higher than the purchase rate, which is itself usually quite high on credit cards.

What is a credit card balance transfer?

A balance transfer is a feature offered on some credit cards allowing you to move the balance of a different credit card onto the new card.

There is usually a promotional interest rate applied to the amount you transfer over for a limited period of time. For this reason a balance transfer is commonly used as a way to pay down credit card debt faster as there is no or little interest accumulating during the offer period.

However, if you don’t pay off the balance in full during the interest-free period, the interest rate will revert to a higher interest rate (often the card’s cash advance rate). On most cards there are also no interest-free days on new purchases during the balance transfer period.

How do I pay off my credit card?

The instructions for paying off your credit card will be shown on your credit card statement. Usually you can pay through a bank transfer, BPAY, telephone banking or you may be able to set up an ‘autopay’ meaning the full balance will be debited from your chosen bank account automatically.

When paying off your credit card, you technically only need to pay off the minimum. This is usually around 2.5% of the total amount owing. However, if you do this you will start to be charged interest. It could take you years and cost you many multiples of your initial balance in interest if you only make the minimum payment.

What is a credit card limit?

Your credit card limit is the maximum amount you can borrow using your credit card. The limit is set when you are approved for your card, based on your income, expenses, credit history and other factors relating to your finance.

Bear in mind that if you need to increase your credit limit after you have been approved you typically need to go through another credit check.

Something a lot of people don’t realise is that it’s your credit card limit, and not your current balance, that lenders consider when assessing you for new credit applications. That means that having a very high credit limit on your credit card could make it harder to be approved for a loan in future.

Who can get a credit card?

The eligibility criteria for credit cards vary from one provider to another but in most cases the requirements are that you:

Are over 18 years of age

Are an Australian citizen, permanent resident or hold an eligible visa

Have a good credit score

Earn enough income to be able to repay any spending on the card

How can I avoid paying interest on a credit card?

You should be able to avoid paying interest on your credit card if you:

Always pay off your full statement balance every month.

Don’t use the card to make cash advances (e.g. ATM withdrawals)

If you don’t think you’ll be able to avoid interest completely, choosing a credit card with the lowest interest rate possible is probably the next best thing.

What is a good credit card?

A good credit card is the one that best suits your needs and spending habits.

The most simple way of thing about is this:

If you will have a balance on your card from month to month, a low interest is a priority as it will save you money.

If you will pay the balance off each month, a low annual fee and rewards may be more important.

Where can you get a credit card?

Pretty much every bank and credit union in Australia offers credit cards. You can also get a credit card from specialist credit card providers, like American express. Overall, there are around 50 credit card providers in Australia.

How do you cancel a credit card?

To cancel a credit card, you’ll need to repay any money owing and cancel any scheduled payments, like direct debits for subscriptions or regular bills.

Then you can submit a request to close your account. You can usually do this online or using your bank’s mobile app, or you can do it over the phone or at a branch if your bank has one nearby.

Bear in mind there is a difference between cancelling a credit card and fully closing your account. If you cancel your card, your current card (and those of any additional cardholders) will stop working but your account will remain open. If you close your account, you need to pay the account off in full and it will be closed off completely.

Are credit cards safe?

Credit cards are generally a safe way to make purchases, provided you are careful with how you use the card and don’t share your card details with anyone unless it’s for a genuine payment.

Most credit card providers use sophisticated fraud prevention techniques to minimise credit card fraud. After all, as a borrower, it’s their money on the line.

According to Power Retail’s Ecommerce Payments Experience Report, 58% of consumers shop only with familiar and reputable retailers to reduce their risk of fraud.

What is a credit card? The basics everyone should know